Puerto Rico P. del S. 441 — Right to One's Own Image vs. AI Deepfakes
Puerto Rico · P. del S. 441 (19th Leg. Assembly)
Senate bill that expands Puerto Rico's image-rights law to cover AI-generated deepfakes and voice clones. Creates civil causes of action when someone's likeness or voice is synthesized without consent. Cleared both chambers; awaiting gubernatorial action as of mid-2026.
Technical detail
P. del S. 441 (19th Legislative Assembly) amends PR's right-of-publicity / image-rights statute to expressly cover synthetic depictions generated by AI, including voice clones. Senate vote June 25, 2025; House vote January 6, 2026. Conference reconciliation completed; awaiting Governor's signature or veto.
Who is protected: Puerto Rico residents whose likeness or voice is generated/manipulated by AI without consent
Who must comply: Anyone creating or distributing AI-generated likenesses or voice clones of Puerto Rico residents
Key facts
| Jurisdiction | Puerto Rico |
|---|---|
| Level | State |
| Status | Proposed / pending |
| Protection strength | Proposed or pending |
| Citation | P. del S. 441 (19th Leg. Assembly) |
| Enforced by | Civil remedy via PR Courts |
| Private right of action | Yes — individuals can sue |
| Penalties | Civil damages (statutory schedule per bill text) |
| Topics | deepfakes · AI-generated images · non-consensual intimate imagery · consumer data privacy |
| Last verified | 2026-06-25 |
| Official source | Proyectos de ley para regulación de inteligencia artificial en Puerto Rico — Platea PR ↗ |
More AI rules in Puerto Rico
- PR Ley 105-2026 (AI Elections) · In effect
- PR P. del S. 68 (Gov AI Framework) · Proposed / pending
- PR P. del S. 622 (AI Disclosure) · Enacted (not yet in effect)
- PR P. del S. 348 (AI in Schools) · Proposed / pending
- PR P. de la C. 347 (vetoed) · Vetoed
- PR R.C. del S. 1 (AI Registry) · Proposed / pending
Related deepfakes rules elsewhere
- TAKE IT DOWN Act · In effect
- TCPA (AI voice calls) · In effect
- DEFIANCE Act (deepfake-porn civil suits) · Proposed / pending
- SB 942 (AI Transparency Act) · Enacted (not yet in effect)
- AB 2839 (Election Deepfakes) · Blocked / in litigation
- AB 602 (Deepfake Intimate Images) · In effect
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